ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the qPCR for detection and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae using different milk samplings in comparison to the conventional microbiology. Four dairy herds with a history of subclinical mastitis caused by S. aureus and S. agalactiae were selected. Sampling approach included milk samples from bulk tank (BT), cow level (composite samples, CO), and mammary quarter level (MQ) from 785 lactating cows. Three consecutive monthly milk samplings were carried out, totaling 3347 MQ milk samples, 912 CO, and 12 from BT. All collected milk samples were subjected to conventional microbiology and qPCR for detection and enumeration of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. The qPCR showed 71.5% of diagnostic sensitivity for S. aureus isolated from MQ milk samples, 71.8% for CO, and 50% for BT milk samples compared with conventional microbiology methodology. Taken together, the diagnostic sensitivity for S. agalactiae isolated from MQ milk samples was 90.2, 87.7 for CO, and 90.9% for BT milk samples. In general, the qPCR methodology enabled the detection of S. aureus and S. agalactiae, regardless of the type of milk sampling. The direct use of milk samples to estimate the counting of S. aureus by qPCR demonstrated lower sensitivity than the counting of S. agalactiae, which can be explained by the pathogen infection dynamics and differences in milk sample type.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the quality of life before and after the application of auriculotherapy and the satisfaction of university students with the treatment during the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: quasi-experimental study conducted with 44 students in a University Health Center. The intervention consisted of ten sessions of auriculotherapy focusing on emotional changes with quality of life assessment before and after treatment. The study also investigated the satisfaction concerning the intervention. Results: predominated among the students: women, from health courses, in use of psychotropic drugs and complaining of emotional changes. There was a statistically significant increase in all domains of quality of life, and students were satisfied with the treatment. Conclusions: auriculotherapy improved the quality of life of university students during the covid-19 pandemic, and the level of satisfaction with the treatment was high.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar la calidad de vida antes y después de la aplicación de auriculoterapia y satisfacción de estudiantes universitarios con el tratamiento durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: estudio cuasi experimental, realizado con 44 estudiantes en centro de salud de una universidad. La intervención constituyó en diez sesiones de auriculoterapia, enfocado en las altercaciones emocionales, y la evaluación de la calidad de vida pasó antes y después del tratamiento. La satisfacción con la intervención también fue investigada. Resultados: predominaron entre los estudiantes: mujeres, de cursos del área de la salud, en uso de psicotrópicos y con queja de alteraciones emocionales. Hubo aumento estadísticamente significante en todos los dominios de la calidad de vida, y los estudiantes quedaron satisfechos con el tratamiento. Conclusiones: la auriculoterapia fue capaz de mejorar la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de covid-19, y el nivel de satisfacción con el tratamiento fue alto.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a qualidade de vida antes e depois da aplicação da auriculoterapia e a satisfação de estudantes universitários com o tratamento durante a pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 44 estudantes em um centro de saúde de uma universidade. A intervenção consistiu em dez sessões de auriculoterapia, com foco nas alterações emocionais, e a avaliação da qualidade de vida ocorreu antes e depois do tratamento. A satisfação com a intervenção também foi investigada. Resultados: predominaram entre os estudantes: mulheres, de cursos da área da saúde, em uso de psicotrópicos e com queixa de alterações emocionais. Houve aumento estatisticamente significativo em todos os domínios da qualidade de vida, e os estudantes ficaram satisfeitos com o tratamento. Conclusões: a auriculoterapia foi capaz de melhorar a qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários durante a pandemia de covid-19, e o nível de satisfação com o tratamento foi alto.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate and compare antibiotic prescriptions for endodontic infections of last-year undergraduate Dentistry students and dental surgeons from Brazil. Material and Methods: A questionnaire comprised of 15 questions was applied, including a series of hypothetical clinical cases through multiple choice questions. The survey respondents had the option to respond in favor or against the prescription of antimicrobials in each case. Afterwards, the commented answer keys of all topics contained in the survey form were released for educational purpose. Results: A total of 42 undergraduates and 115 dental surgeons answered the survey. Regarding the questions about antimicrobial prescriptions, 91.3% of the professional dentists and 69.8% of the dentistry students indicated that they prescribe antibiotics for a limited number of patients. However, when they responded about drug recommendations, most professionals (76.5%) and students (76.7%) chose to recommend antimicrobials without any clinical recommendation. Conclusion: In the groups herein evaluated, many antibiotic prescriptions could have been avoided. The rational use of these drugs is still a conduct that needs further disclosure and commitment among prescribers.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: In Brazil, burns affect around one million people/year, the majority of whom are male. In addition to physical and emotional losses, there is an economic impact, with costs for the health system, compensation, and work disabilities. For these reasons, epidemiological studies are important to outline the profile of the most affected population, guiding the prevention of this condition. Method: Review the medical records of 398 burn victims admitted to Santa Casa de Santos from January 2016 to December 2019. Results: The main victims were young men in a domestic environment, by heated liquids, mostly causing second degree burns, treated within 24 hours, considered major burns, and admitted to the infirmary for up to two weeks. Approximately 90% were discharged with improvement, requiring only debridement and dressings. Conclusion: Our work agrees with most reviews regarding the prevalence of young, economically active males with accidentally heated liquids in their homes. Other studies highlighted children as the most affected, showing the need for policies for both age groups. Regarding hospitalization, the majority remained in the ward, with second-degree burns, with major burns prevailing, which leads to greater severity and costs. This data goes against some studies, which indicate second-degree burns as the main burn, with less than 10% of the body surface burned. In both this and most studies, most patients had a good outcome, without needing an Intensive Care Unit or surgical procedures, showing the importance of early debridement and care with dressings.

■ RESUMO Introdução: No Brasil, queimaduras acometem cerca de um milhão de pessoas/ano, a maioria do sexo masculino. Além de prejuízos físicos e emocionais, há impacto econômico, com gastos para o sistema de saúde, indenizações e incapacidades laborais. Por estas razões, estudos epidemiológicos são importantes para traçar o perfil da população mais acometida, orientando a prevenção dessa afecção. Método: Revisão dos prontuários de 398 vítimas de queimaduras, internados na Santa Casa de Santos, de janeiro de 2016 até dezembro de 2019. Resultados: Os principais acometidos são homens, jovens, em ambiente doméstico, por líquidos aquecidos, causando em sua maioria queimaduras de segundo grau, atendidos em até 24 horas, considerados grandes queimados e internados em enfermaria por até duas semanas. Aproximadamente 90% recebeu alta com melhora, necessitando apenas de desbridamento e curativos. Conclusão: Nosso trabalho concorda com maioria das revisões em relação à prevalência do sexo masculino, jovens, economicamente ativos, em suas residências, com líquidos aquecidos, acidentalmente. Outros estudos apontaram crianças como as mais afetadas, mostrando necessidade de políticas voltadas a ambas as faixas etárias. Com relação à internação, a maioria permaneceu em enfermaria, com queimaduras de segundo grau, prevalecendo os grandes queimados, o que acarreta maior gravidade e custos. Esse dado vai contra alguns trabalhos, que apontam queimadura de segundo grau como principal, porém com menos de 10% da superfície corporal queimada. A maior parte dos pacientes, tanto neste quanto na maioria dos estudos, apresentou bom desfecho, sem necessidade de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva ou procedimentos cirúrgicos, mostrando a importância do desbridamento precoce e cuidados com curativos.

ABSTRACT Background: The intake of dietary supplements and medicinal plants is very popular worldwide. However, these products are not innocuous, and their intake can cause severe damage to health, especially liver injury. Objective: This study aims to describe the clinical cases of dietary supplements-induced liver injury (DSILI) and herb-induced liver injury (HILI), identifying the main products involved and the clinical outcomes related to them. Method: A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and LILACS databases, using the search terms: “Chemical and Drug-Induced Liver Injury”, “Dietary Supplements” and “Herbal” and their synonyms. Results: 189 articles were included in the study, totaling 428 clinical cases of drug-induced liver injury. The most frequent agents of liver injury were Herbalife® products, associated with 50 cases, Polygonum multiflorum, with 25 cases, Hydroxycut® products, and green tea, both associated in 19 cases, and Oxyelite Pro® and kava tea, both associated with 16 cases. Most individuals required hospitalization (82.6%) and an important number of cases evolved to death (3.6%), liver transplantation (8.9%), or chronic liver disease (1.9%). Conclusion: The indiscriminate use of dietary supplements and herbal products was associated with an alarming number of cases of liver injury. The mechanisms through which each of the products causes liver damage still need to be better understood, but this review is a warning about the risk associated with the use of products considered harmless by a large part of the population.

RESUMO Contexto: O consumo de ervas medicinais e suplementos alimentares é muito popular no mundo. Contudo, esses produtos não são inócuos e sua ingestão pode causar danos à saúde, especialmente dano hepático. Objetivo: Descrever os casos clínicos de lesão hepática induzida por ervas e suplementos alimentares, identificando os principais produtos envolvidos e as manifestações relacionadas a eles. Métodos: A busca na literatura foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, EMBASE, Google Escolar e LILACS usando as seguintes palavras-chaves: “Chemical and Drug-Induced Liver Injury”, “Dietary Supplements”, e “Herbal”, incluindo seus sinônimos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 189 artigos no estudo, totalizando 428 casos clínicos de lesão hepática induzida por drogas. Os agentes de lesão hepática mais frequentes foram produtos Herbalife, associados a 50 casos, Polygonum Multiflorum, a 25 casos, produtos Hydroxycut e chá verde, ambos associados a 19 casos, e produtos Hydroxycut e chá verde, associados a 16 casos. A maioria dos indivíduos necessitou de hospitalização (82,6%) e um número importante de casos evoluiu para óbito (3,6%), transplante hepático (8,9%) ou doença hepática crônica (1,9%). Conclusão: O uso indiscriminado de suplementos alimentares e ervas foi associado com um número alarmante de casos de lesão hepática. Os mecanismos pelos quais cada um dos produtos causa danos ao fígado ainda precisam ser melhor compreendidos, mas esta revisão é um alerta sobre o risco associado ao uso de produtos considerados inofensivos por grande parte da população.

Abstract Aim: The objective of this study is to 1. Investigate in women with cardiac risk factors the acute responses of cardiac autonomic modulation and hemodynamic parameters during and after a dance-based cardiac rehabilitation session and II. Compare these responses with a conventional exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation session. Methods: This will be a crossover-clinical trial that will enroll women with at least one cardiac risk factor. The interventions consist of one dance-based (DB) and one traditional exercise-based (EB) session of cardiac rehabilitation, both composed of initial rest, warm-up, moderate-intensity physical exercise, fast recovery evaluation in orthostatic position, and slow recovery evaluation. The main outcomes are 1. Autonomic modulation, evaluated through heart rate variability linear and non-linear methods, and II. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate). All measures will be evaluated in specific moments during the initial rest, physical exercise, and recovery. Conclusion: The results will allow the safe inclusion of dance-based sessions in cardiac rehabilitation programs opening an important field of research to investigate the long-term effects on physical fitness and cardiac risk factors, as well as adherence and motivation to attend cardiac rehabilitation in the women population.

ABSTRACT Surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer often suffer from malnutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of fasting time on the nutritional status of patients hospitalized with preoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. Observational, longitudinal, and prospective study conducted in the surgical unit at a public-school hospital. The patients were divided into groups: upper (UGIT) and lower (LGIT) gastrointestinal tract. Follow-up started within 72 h of hospitalization with reassessment 72 h after surgery. Data collected: sex, age, type and duration of surgery, preoperative (compared with 8 h) and postoperative (compared with 24 h) fasting time, food acceptance, Subjective Global Assessment, anthropometry, and laboratory tests. Analyses: Student t, Wilcoxon, and chi-square tests. Fifty-one patients were followed up, 29 (57%) UGIT and 22 (43%) LGIT. The preoperative fasting time was 8.2±2.8 h in UGIT and 8.1±2.2 h in LGIT groups, respectively; however, postoperative fasting times in UGIT (60.4±40.7 h) and LGIT groups (57.6±38.2 h) were longer than 24 h (P<0.001). Although eutrophic in the preoperative period, in the postoperative most patients in the UGIT and LGIT groups presented, respectively, malnutrition (71%; 59%; P<0.001), severe weight loss (79%; 80%), a significant correlation between triceps skinfold and postoperative fasting time (r= -0.306; P= 0.03), and hemoglobin and albumin values (r= 0.633; P<0.001), additionally low dietary acceptance, especially in the UGIT group. Prolonging postoperative fasting time worsened the nutritional status of surgical patients, especially in the UGIT group.

RESUMEN Los pacientes quirúrgicos con cáncer gastrointestinal a menudo sufren desnutrición. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia del tiempo de ayuno en estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados con neoplasias del tracto gastrointestinal preoperatorio y posoperatorio. Estudio observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo realizado en unidad quirúrgica de un hospital escolar público. Los pacientes fueron divididos en grupos: tracto gastrointestinal superior (UGIT) y inferior (LGIT). El seguimiento se inició dentro del 72 h de la hospitalización con reevaluación 72 h después de la cirugía. Datos recolectados: sexo, edad, tipo y duración de la cirugía, tiempo de ayuno preoperatorio (comparado con 8 h) y postoperatorio (comparado con 24 h), aceptación de dieta, Evaluación Subjetiva Global, antropometría y pruebas de laboratorio. Análisis: pruebas de T, Wilcoxon y chi-cuadrado. Se siguió 51 pacientes, 29 (57%) en UGIT y 22 (43%) en LGIT. El tiempo de ayuno preoperatorio fue 8,2±2,8 h (UGIT) y 8,1±2,2 h (LGIT); sin embargo, los tiempos de ayuno posoperatorio en UGIT (60,4±40,7 h) y LGIT (57,6±38,2 h) fueron superiores a 24 h (P<0,001). Aunque eutróficos en preoperatorio, en postoperatorio la mayoría de los pacientes (UGIT y LGIT, respectivamente) presentaron desnutrición (71%; 59%; P<0,001), pérdida de peso severa (79%; 80%), correlación significativa entre pliegue cutáneo del tríceps y tiempo de ayuno posoperatorio (r= -0.306; P= 0.03), valores de hemoglobina y albúmina (r= 0,633; P<0,001), y baja aceptación de dieta, especialmente del UGIT. La prolongación del ayuno postoperatorio empeoró el estado nutricional de los pacientes quirúrgicos, especialmente del UGIT.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties through exclusive enteral nutrition therapy (ENT) in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR). Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational study was performed in a public hospital, with adult and elderly patients. The adequacy of the volume of ENT prescribed and offered was considered satisfactory when >80%. The adequacy of micronutrients with antioxidant properties was performed according to the estimated average need (EAR). Data were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Of the 53 included patients, 58.5% were male. Most of patients (45.3%) were in the neurology clinic, and the main cause was cerebral vascular accident (18.9%). The volume administered was less than the prescribed volume of ENT in both male and female patients. However, recommendations for micronutrients with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, copper and iron, are according to EAR and did not exceed the tolerable intake limit (upper limit, UL), (p<0.05). The present study shows a very large variability in the concentration of micronutrients in each enteral diet. It is necessary to consider the pathologies that affect the patient, as some health conditions may be able to require specific amounts of micronutrients. Conclusions: Patients received a lower volume of enteral nutrition therapy compared to the prescribed volume. The micronutrient concentrations were consistent with daily EAR recommendations and did not exceed the tolerable intake limit (UL) for healthy individuals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes a través de la terapia de nutrición enteral exclusiva (ENT) en pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades crónicas en comparación con el requerimiento promedio estimado (RPE). Métodos: Prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y de observación, se realizó en un hospital público con pacientes adultos y ancianos. La adecuación del volumen de ENT prescrito y ofrecido se consideró satisfactoria cuando fue >80%. La adecuación de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes se realizó de acuerdo con la RPE. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativos p<0,05. Resultados: De los 53 pacientes incluidos, 58,5% eran hombres. La mayoría de los pacientes (45,3%) se encontraban en la consulta de neurología y la principal causa fue el accidente vascular cerebral (18,9%). El volumen administrado fue menor que el volumen prescrito de ENT tanto en pacientes masculinos como femeninos. Sin embargo, las recomendaciones de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes, como vitamina A, vitamina C, vitamina E, zinc, selenio, cobre y hierro, están de acuerdo con la RPE y no superan el límite de ingesta tolerable (UL), (p<0,05). El presente estudio muestra una variabilidad muy grande en la concentración de micronutrientes en cada dieta enteral. Es necesario considerar las patologías que afectan al paciente, ya que algunas condiciones de salud pueden requerir cantidades específicas de micronutrientes. Conclusiones: Los pacientes recibieron un volumen menor de ENT en comparación con el volumen prescrito. Las concentraciones de micronutrientes fueron consistentes con las recomendaciones diarias de la RPE y no excedieron el límite de ingesta tolerable (UL) para individuos sanos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate cotton cultivars based on the compensatory increase of cotton squares in response to the simulation of the boll weevil damage. The first experiment aimed to evaluate cotton cultivars with greater compensatory increase in squares removed artificially from the plant. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with 100% removal of cotton squares at 50, 70 and 90 days after the emergence of the FM975WS, TMG81WS, IMA6501B2RF and BRS432B2RF cotton cultivars and passive production (without removal) and active (with removal) of cotton squares, with four replications. In the second experiment, boll weevil damage in the TMG80WS and BRS432B2RF, with greater and lesser compensatory increase of cotton squares, after their removal at 50 days of age, was evaluated. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with the former cultivars sprayed with carbamate or not (control). The compensatory increase of cotton squares, mainly after their artificial removal at 50 and 70 days of age, of the TMG81WS, was greater. The cotton square compensatory increase after being artificially removed in the cotton cultivars was higher during the period of exponential production of these reproductive structures and can be used to select cultivars tolerant to boll weevil damage.

RESUMO: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar se há variabilidade genética e avaliar as relações lineares entre a arquitetura de planta e a produtividade de grãos de milho. Foram conduzidos três experimentos no delineamento blocos completos ao acaso. Em 51 cultivares, foram avaliados caracteres relacionados ao número de folhas, às alturas de planta e de espiga, ao ângulo foliar, ao comprimento da folha, a largura da folha, a área foliar e a produtividade de grãos, totalizando 22 caracteres. Foram realizadas análises de variância individuais, verificados os pressupostos de normalidade dos erros e homogeneidade de variâncias residuais e agrupadas as médias de cultivares pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Foi determinada a matriz de correlação fenotípica entre os 22 caracteres das 51 cultivares. Há variabilidade genética entre as cultivares em relação ao número de folhas, alturas de planta e de espiga, ângulo foliar, comprimento da folha, largura da folha, área foliar e produtividade de grãos. Folhas localizadas próximas a espiga apresentam menor ângulo foliar e maiores comprimento da folha, largura da folha e área foliar. O ângulo foliar aumenta gradativamente em direção as folhas da extremidade inferior e superior da planta. O comprimento da folha, a largura da folha e a área foliar diminuem gradativamente em direção as folhas da extremidade inferior e superior da planta. Cultivares com maior número de folhas e maior área foliar estão associadas a plantas com maior produtividade de grãos.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to analyze whether there is genetic variability and assess the linear relationships between plant architecture and maize grain yield. Three experiments were carried out in a complete randomized block design. A group of 51 cultivars was assessed in relation to 22 traits: number of leaves, plant height, ear height, leaf angle, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and grain yield. Individual analyses of variance were performed, the assumptions of normality of errors and homogeneity of residual variances were tested, and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. The phenotypic correlation matrix was constructed using the 22 traits of the 51 cultivars. Results showed that there is genetic variability among cultivars for number of leaves, plant height, ear height, leaf angle, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and grain yield. Leaves close to the ear have smaller leaf angle and larger length, width, and area of the leaves. Leaf angle gradually increases towards the lower and upper ends of the plant. Length, width, and area gradually decreases in leaves towards the lower and upper ends of the plant. Cultivars with higher number of leaves and larger leaf area are associated with higher grain yield.

RESUMO Autoeficácia é um conceito da Teoria Social Cognitiva que trata da capacidade da própria pessoa se organizar e executar ações para atingir metas. Neste estudo foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa que procurou averiguar os motivos que denotam baixo desempenho de alunos quando cursando a disciplina de Cálculo. Uma das hipóteses investigadas trata da avaliação da influência das crenças de autoeficácia utilizando como campo de estudo o corpo discente do IFMG - Campus Bambuí. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na aplicação de duas etapas distintas de cunho descritivo e qualitativo que levaram em conta o início e o final das disciplinas. Os resultados apontaram a existência de crenças de autoeficácia nos alunos iniciantes que se fortaleceram nos alunos concluintes. Com base nisso, pode-se destacar a importância do professor no processo de formação da autoeficácia do aluno, a necessidade de se desenvolver novas metodologias e, também, a relevância do suporte pedagógico e psicológico.

ABSTRACT Self-efficacy is a concept of Social Cognitive Theory that addresses one’s ability to organize and take action to achieve goals. The research developed in this study intended to ascertain the reasons for poor student performance in disciplines such as Calculus. One of the hypotheses investigated deals with an assessment on the influence of self - efficacy beliefs. Relying on the students of IFMG - Campus Bambuí as a field of study, the research was based on the application of two distinct descriptive and qualitative steps that took into account the beginning and end of the disciplines. The results pointed at the existence of self-efficacy beliefs in beginner students and also at the fact that these beliefs became stronger in students in the end of the course. Thus, we can highlight the importance of teachers in the development of self-efficacy in students while promoting the development of new methodologies and the relevance of pedagogical and psychological support.

RESUMEN Autoeficacia es un concepto de la Teoría Social Cognitiva que trata de la capacidad de la propia persona organizarse y ejecutar acciones para alcanzar objetivos. En este estudio se desarrolló una investigación que buscó averiguar los motivos que denotan bajo desempeño de alumnos cuando están cursando la asignatura de Cálculo. Una de las hipótesis investigadas trata de la evaluación de la influencia de las creencias de autoeficacia utilizando como campo de estudio el equipo discente del IFMG - Campus Bambuí. La investigación se desarrolló con base en la aplicación de dos etapas distintas de cuño descriptivo y cualitativo que llevaron en cuenta el inicio y el final de las asignaturas. Los resultados apuntaron la existencia de creencias de autoeficacia en los alumnos iniciantes que se reforzaron en los alumnos concluyentes. Con base en eso, se puede destacar la importancia del profesor en el proceso de formación de la autoeficacia del alumno, la necesidad de desarrollarse nuevas metodologías y, también, la relevancia del soporte pedagógico y psicológico.

Abstract Foraminifera are diversified protists with high ecological and bioindicator importance. Physical-chemical parameters of the environment can be evaluated through the taphonomic analysis of the test coloring, because once they settle in the sediment their tests begin to behave as sedimentary particles. Five urbanized tropical Brazilian beaches were sampled in this study in order to characterize the diversity, abundance, taxonomic and taphonomic structure of Foraminifera assemblages. General environmental characterization such as granulometric analysis, temperature and salinity was also performed. A total of 69 foraminiferan species were found, dominated by Quinqueloculina lamarckiana, Archaias angulatus, Amphistegina lessonii, Ammonia tepida and Eponides repandus. A large predominance of dead tests (>90%) was found, and only them were considered in further analyses. The cluster based on the taxonomic composition formed two groups, separating Miramar from the other beaches. Miramar was dominated by Ammonia tepida (18.9%), Sorites marginalis (16.8%), Quinqueloculina lamarckiana (13.9%) and Textularia agglutinans (10.2%), and had the highest density, number of species and diversity, what may be related with the sheltered nature of this beach and the dominance of fine sand. The other four beaches have high oceanic influence and the medium and coarse sand predominated. In these beaches Quinqueloculina lamarckiana dominated, representing between 30.9 and 38.7% of total foraminiferans. The taphonomic analysis indicates that Miramar presents a high deposition of tests and a low hydrodynamic energy, since the majority of tests were white. In Bessa, Manaíra and Seixas most of the tests were brownish, which is characteristic of beaches with high hydrodynamic energy, which causes the tests to be constantly brought to the oxidation zone.

Resumo A ruptura de aneurisma da aorta abdominal (AAA) é considerada uma emergência cirúrgica de altíssimo risco, pelas consequências catastróficas e pelo alto índice de mortalidade. Este ensaio iconográfico tem como objetivo ilustrar os sinais radiológicos que indiquem ruptura ou a sua iminência. Utilizamos casos atendidos no nosso serviço e apresentamos breve revisão bibliográfica acerca do tema. O diagnóstico clínico da iminência de ruptura de AAA pode ser difícil, visto que os pacientes são normalmente assintomáticos ou apresentam queixas álgicas inespecíficas. No controle evolutivo, podem ser identificados sinais radiológicos que indiquem instabilidade ou a própria ruptura e, dessa forma, mudar o prognóstico do paciente. Como a tomografia computadorizada é a modalidade de escolha para a avaliação dos AAAs e da dor abdominal no cenário da emergência, torna-se imprescindível o reconhecimento precoce pelo radiologista dos achados de imagem que indiquem aneurismas rotos ou com risco iminente de ruptura.

Abstract The rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is considered a high-risk surgical emergency, given the catastrophic consequences and high mortality rate. The objective of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the radiological signs that indicate rupture or imminent rupture. To that end, we describe cases treated at our facility and present a brief review of the literature on the topic. The clinical diagnosis of imminent AAA rupture can be difficult, because patients are usually asymptomatic or have nonspecific pain complaints. In the subsequent follow-up, it is possible to identify radiological signs that indicate instability or rupture itself and thus change the prognosis. Computed tomography is the modality of choice for evaluating an AAA and abdominal pain in the emergency setting. It is therefore essential that the radiologist immediately identify the imaging findings that indicate AAA rupture or the imminent risk of such rupture.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar bacteriófagos autóctones e determinar sua atividade lítica em Staphylococcus aureus. Seis fagos foram isolados de água de lavagem de pisos de estábulos por meio do enriquecimento de cultura com três estirpes de S. aureus. Todos os fagos foram caracterizados pela digestão do DNA com enzimas de restrição e pelo sequenciamento do fragmento de DNA que codifica a endolisina. Cada fago foi testado contra 100 estirpes de S. aureus isoladas de casos de mastite bovina e de produtos lácteos pelo método de lise em placa. Sequências do gene de endolisina apresentaram alta conservação, com mais de 99% de similaridade a nível do nucleotídeo entre os fagos isolados. Foram identificados três domínios envolvidos no reconhecimento e na lise da parede celular bacteriana. Dois bacteriófagos isolados de estábulos apresentam alta atividade lítica em S. aureus, em ampla gama de estirpes, o que indica seu potencial para estudos de fagoterapia em gado leiteiro ou como agente de controle biológico para produtos lácteos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize autochthonous bacteriophages and to determine their lytic activity on Staphylococcus aureus. Six phages were isolated from dairy barn flush water through enrichment cultures with three S. aureus strains. All phages were characterized by DNA digestion by restriction enzymes and sequencing of the DNA fragment encoding endolysin. Each phage was tested against 100 S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis and from dairy products using the lysis-plate method. The sequences of the endolysin gene were highly conserved, with nucleotide similarity higher than 99% among the isolated phages. Three domains involved in the recognition and lysis of the bacterial cell wall were identified. Two bacteriophages isolated from the dairy barns present high lytic activity on S. aureus, on a wide range of host strains, indicating their potential for studies on phage therapy in dairy cattle or as a biological control agent for dairy products.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the inclusion of two crude extracts produced by Streptomyces genus on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD; IVOMD), cumulative gas production, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and methane (CH4) and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three blocks and four treatments: AMC (1.2 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum), Caat (1.2 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum), negative control (no inclusion of extracts), and positive control (sodium monensin, 1.7 mg/25 mL ruminal inoculum). Ruminal fluid samples were collected from three multiparous Holstein dairy cows fitted with ruminal cannula and incubated in a 24-h fermentation assay. There was no effect of crude extract inclusion in comparison with negative control on cumulative gas production in 24 h. However, cumulative gas production was lower when Caat extract was included in comparison with AMC inclusion. The Caat inclusion increased propionic acid concentration and reduced the concentration of butyric acid and acetate:propionate (A:P) ratio in relation to negative control. The CH4 concentration was lower with Caat inclusion in relation to AMC, and the ratio of CH4 concentration to digestible dry matter was lower in the negative control compared with all additives. Caat inclusion decreased the NH3-N concentration, and IVDMD was not altered compared with negative control. Additionally, the inclusion of Caat crude extract increased propionic acid concentration and reduced butyric acid concentration and A:P ratio, without reducing the IVDMD and IVOMD. Caat extract modulates rumen fermentation, increasing available energy and decreasing gas production without causing changes in dry matter and organic matter digestibility.